Ageing and The Brain
- erudite .
- Sep 2, 2022
- 2 min read
By Sanam Marjan
As a person gets older, changes take place, including the brain. Certain parts of the brain shrinks, specifically the ones involved in learning and in other complex mental activities. Communication between neurons may lose its effectiveness. Blood flow decreases in the brain and inflammation that occurs when the body responds to certain diseases increases.
These changes can affect mental function, even in older people who are particularly healthy. Some adults may find it hard to form complex memories and solve certain tasks. However, when given time, they usually perform just as well. And there is growing evidence that the brain possesses the ability to adapt and can manage new challenges and tasks even when they age.
Ageing causes the brain size, vasculature and cognition to be altered. The brain shrinks in volume as chances of stroke, white matter lesions and dementia rises. And changes in hormonal levels and of the neurotransmitters are often seen. A healthy lifestyle may be the best defence against the changes of an ageing brain.
Through research, it has been found that the volume, particularly in the frontal cortex of the brain, starts declining with age and at a rate of 5% per decade after the age of 40. The rate of decline increases with age over 70. The shrinking of the grey matter is reported to stem from the death of neuronal cells. It is still not confirmed if this is the sole reason as the primary findings are unclear.
As the parts of our brain such as the vasculature ages, our blood pressure starts to surge. White matter in the brain develops lesions which causes decline in memory. Factors such as genetics, neurotransmitters, hormones and experiences play a huge role in brain ageing. Environmental factors are responsible too in this case. Even though ageing is inevitable, the process can be slowed down.
Experts say mental stimulation, healthy lifestyle and good stress management are crucial to maintain the health and functionality of the brain. James Giordano, PhD, a professor of neurology and biochemistry at Georgetown university has stated,
“The good news is that a healthy brain retains much of its capacity to reestablish and form node and network connectivity throughout much of the life span, well into old age,” and told the Healthline,
“It just requires the necessary stimuli to keep these mechanisms and processes actively engaged.”
So now the question arises, how do we keep our brain healthy?
Exercise 30-45 minutes per day at least 4 days per week; this simple habit and reduce risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease up to 50%.
Stay socially engaged and maintain good relationships with friends and family.
Consider the “MIND” diet, which reduces risks of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease.
Stress management by having healthy habits such as meditation, prayer, reflection and religion practices. As chronic stress can lead to nerve cell decline.
The diet consists of green leafy vegetables, nuts, berries, beans, whole grains, fish, poultry, and olive oil.
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